Learn about the different types of heat pipes
The pressure gradient due to vapor build-up at one end of the heat pipe and depletion at the other causes vapor to flow through the core area of the container (the vapor space).
But, as the liquid evaporates, it retracts into the wick openings, then the meniscus decreases and the pressure of the liquid drops below the nearby vapor pressure.
Condensation occurs at the other end, such that the working fluid fills the wick, and tends to maintain a flat surface without any drop in pressure in the fluid.
As a result of the capillary forces, the result is a pressure gradient in the fluid that causes the working fluid to flow through the wick toward the tip of the evaporator, in the opposite direction to the direction of vapor flowing in the core region, completing the flow circuit.
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Types of heat pipes
Standard heat pipes, which act as a thermal superconductor (typically copper water in ground applications or for box-level cooling, and ammonia (CCHPs) in radiator designs in aerospace applications).
Gas-loaded heat pipes (variable conduction) for starting from the frozen state.
Steam rooms, which allow diversion of heat flow, and diffusion of heat in two dimensions.
HiK panels, which have heatpipes built into the panels to improve effective thermal conductivity to 500-1200 W/mK.
Heat pipe heat exchangers, for energy recovery in commercial buildings.
Effective rate of heat transfer
The effective rate of heat transfer is compared to a solid copper rod, both the heat pipe and the copper rod are coated with a thermal paint, which will change color as it transfers heat. We'll start by moving the copper rod into the hot area.
Copper is known to be a very strong thermal conductor, it has a thermal conductivity of about 400 watts per meter Kelvin as you go here, you can see the color change from the base of the copper rod to the top. Now we are going to move the heat pipe to the hot area.
As you can see, as the liquid evaporates and travels, the heat pipe turns to a constant temperature quickly and has a very constant temperature across the length of the heat pipe.
Now, we'll move the copper rod and heat pipe back into the cold zone to show that the heat pipe can run in reverse and still be able to provide the same highly effective thermal conductivity.
As with many many types of heat pipes, standard heat pipes can be manufactured from different laminated materials, use different filament structures, and have alternate working fluids.
Thermosyphons, which are gravity-assisted heat tubes
Loop thermosyphons, a thermodynamic variable with different flow paths for vapor and liquid.
The importance of heat pipes
One of the most efficient ways to transfer heat or thermal energy from one point to another is heat pipes. These two-stage systems are typically used to cool areas or materials, even in outer space.
Heat pipes were first developed to be used to supply heat and remove waste heat from power conversion systems.
Today, heat pipes are used in a variety of refrigeration applications from aerospace to medical devices, power electronics cooling to aircraft and more, if you're not sure if heat pipes are an ideal thermal solution for your project.
When are heat pipes used?
When you ask what a heat pipe is, you will get a better understanding by learning when to use it, you will find many simple and complex systems that use these pipes in a variety of deployments based on different operating principles, thermal performance needs, conduction requirements, spatial limitations, overall strength and cost.
Heat engineers agree that heat piping is a smart investment if you have an appliance or platform that needs any of the following:
Transfer of heat from one place to another, for example, many electronic devices use this to transfer heat from a chip to a distant heat sink.
Transfer the heat from the high heat flux in the evaporator to low heat flux in the condenser, facilitating the removal of all heat by conventional methods such as liquid or air cooling. Heat flows of up to 1000 W/cm2 can be converted using dedicated steam chambers.
Providing an isothermal surface Examples include operating multiple laser diodes at the same temperature and providing extremely isothermal surfaces for temperature calibration.
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